The Zhongshan variant of Cantonese, with origins in the western Pearl River Delta, is spoken by many Chinese immigrants in Hawaii, and some in San Francisco and the Sacramento River Delta (see Locke, California); it is a Yuehai variety much like Guangzhou Cantonese, but has "flatter" tones. Although Cantonese shares much vocabulary with Mandarin, the two Sinitic languages are mutually unintelligible, largely because of lexical differences, but also due to differences in grammar and pronunciation. In this article, "Cantonese" is used for Cantonese proper. However, "Cantonese" may also refer to the primary branch of Chinese that contains Cantonese proper as well as Taishanese and Gaoyang; this broader usage may be specified as "Yue speech" (粵語; 粤语; Yuhtyúh). ", "Immigrant's Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Case of the Chinese in Portugal", "Cantonese almost became the official language", "Say It Loud: Language and Identity in Taiwan and Hong Kong", "Variation and merger of the rising tones in Hong Kong Cantonese", "Identifying the Tai substratum in Cantonese", Hong Kong Government site on the HK Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS), The Memorial Museum of Generalissimo Sun Yat-sen's Mansion, Museum of the Western Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Central Stadium, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cantonese&oldid=992833274, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Yue Chinese-language text, Language articles without speaker estimate, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 10:05. Royo322 (talk) 04:10, 20 February 2019 (UTC)Arroyo, It'd be good to elaborate on this, e.g. While the Chinese government vehemently discourages the official use of all forms of Chinese except Standard Chinese, Cantonese enjoys a relatively higher standing than other Chinese languages, with its own media and usage in public transportation in Guangdong province. While older Taiwanese immigrants have learned Cantonese to foster integration within the traditional Chinese American populations, more recent arrivals from the Mainland continue to use Mandarin exclusively. His­tor­i­cally, fi­nals that end in a stop con­so­nant were con­sid­ered as "checked tones" and treated sep­a­rately by di­achroniccon­ven­tion, iden­ti­fy­ing Can­tonese with nine tones. Fuqing dialect, or Hokchia, is an Eastern Min dialect. Modern Cantonese Phonology Robert S. Bauer, Paul K. Benedict Limited preview - 1997. [22][23], Cantonese spoken in Malaysia and Singapore often exhibits influences from Malay and other Chinese varieties spoken in the country, such as Hokkien and Teochew. Cantonese romanization systems are based on the accent of Canton and Hong Kong, and have helped define the concept of Standard Cantonese. At one time, the study of phonology only related to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages. It is also used as the medium of instruction in schools, alongside English. Both the spellings of Hong Kong and Macau Cantonese romanization systems do not look similar to the mainland China's pinyin system. However, some words under Macau's romanization system are same as Hong Kong's (e.g. [39] For example, in New York City, Cantonese still predominates in the city's older, traditional western portion of Chinatown in Manhattan and in Brooklyn's small new Chinatowns in sections of Bensonhurst and in Homecrest. Nevertheless, there have been recent attempts to minimize the use of Cantonese in China. Chinese-speaking immigrants from conflict zones in Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam, arrived as well, beginning in the mid-1970s and were also largely Cantonese-speaking. The overwhelming majority of Chinese speakers in the United Kingdom use Cantonese, with about 300,000 British people claiming it as their first language. However, it includes extra characters as well as characters with different meanings from written vernacular Chinese due to the presence of words that either do not exist in standard Chinese or correspond with spoken Cantonese. [53], Cantonese is spoken by ethnic Chinese in Portugal who originate from Macau, the most established Chinese community in the nation with a presence dating back to the 16th century and Portuguese colonialism. Given the traditional predominance of Cantonese within Hong Kong, it is the de facto official spoken form of the Chinese language used in the Hong Kong Government and all courts and tribunals. The phonetic values of some consonants are closer to the approximate equivalents in IPA than in other systems. Generally speaking, Cantonese is a tonal language with six phonetic tones. A new romanization was developed in the first decade of the twentieth century which eliminated the diacritics on vowels by distinguishing vowel quality by spelling differences (e.g. As a major economic center of China, there have been recent concerns that the use of Cantonese in Guangzhou is diminishing in favour of Mandarin, both through the continual influx of Mandarin-speaking migrants from impoverished areas and strict government policies. Many varieties also have Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters for newer standard reading sounds. Chau vs Chao 周, Leung vs Leong 梁). As Cantonese is used primarily in Hong Kong, Macau, and other overseas Chinese communities, it is usually written with traditional Chinese characters. Cantonese is a variety of Chinese originating from the city of Guangzhou (also known as Canton) and its surrounding area in Southeastern China. Also, academically called "Canton prefecture speech" (廣府話; 广府话; Gwóngfú wá). For consonants, some differences include M. /ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ/ vs. C. /h, k, kʰ/; M. /ʐ/ vs. C. /j/; and a greater syllable coda diversity in Cantonese (such as syllables ending in -t, -p, or -k). Sentence structure, in particular the placement of verbs, sometimes differs between the two varieties. The de facto standard pronunciation of Cantonese is that of Canton (Guangzhou). [58], As Guangzhou became China's key commercial center for foreign trade and exchange in the 1700s, Cantonese became the variety of Chinese interacting most with the Western World. An example is in the word for country (國), pronounced in standard Guangzhou as gwok but as gok with the merge. In the 2011 census, the Australian Bureau of Statistics listed 336,410 and 263,673 speakers of Mandarin and Cantonese, respectively. In practice, Hong Kong follows a loose, unnamed romanization scheme used by the Government of Hong Kong. Many artists from the Mainland and Taiwan have learned Cantonese to break into the market. Cantonese is spoken by a little over 15% of Chinese households in Singapore. I've sometimes seen scholars suggesting the existence of such analyses, but so far I've failed to find any. [24], In Singapore, Mandarin is the official variety of the Chinese language used by the government, which has a Speak Mandarin Campaign (SMC) seeking to actively promote the use of Mandarin at the expense of other Chinese varieties. Common terms and phrases. The name of Tipson is associated with this new romanization which still embodied the phonology of the Fenyun to some extent. While the governments of Hong Kong and Macau utilize a romanization system for proper names and geographic locations, they are inconsistent in the transcription of some sounds and the systems are not taught in schools. Bridgman and Williams based their system on the phonetic alphabet and diacritics proposed by Sir William Jones for South Asian languages. Furthermore, the definitions are vague or lacking for many key terms, such as “syllables”, “terminals” and “tones”. The official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English, as defined in the Hong Kong Basic Law. does -ing merge into -in for some speakers or do they always remain distinct ([ɪn] vs [iːn])? Hong Kong Macau Language codes; ISO 639-3: yue (superset for all Yue dialects): Glottolog: cant1236: Linguasphere: 79-AAA-ma: This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. 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