Flora Helvetica 2018: 2295 = Taraxacum officinale aggr. Rosetted perennial, herb, 0.05-0.25 m high. 55: 29-32. [43], While the dandelion is considered a weed by most gardeners and especially lawn owners, the plant has several culinary uses. FNA Vol. Khan MI, 1973. Watsonia, Suppl. It grows in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of waterways, and other areas with moist soils. The characters in the key above help separate the two taxa. They are probably closest in character to mustard greens. Add an Observation. [53] It may be related to the Greek word ταρασσω (tarasso) meaning to disturb. Taxonomic notes: The name T. officinale is the earliest applied to the section Taraxacum, which comprises an aggregate of numerous microspecies in Europe; it is not known from which of these the Australian populations have been derived. We allowed Lehmannia valentiana, a European slug naturalized in … | Alaska Natural Heritage Program", "The biology of Canadian weeds. Taraxacum officinale grows from generally unbranched taproots and produces one to more than ten stems that are typically 5–40 cm (2.0–15.7 in) tall, but sometimes up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS‐1 cells. The family Asteraceae, best represented by the species of Taraxacum officinale, is known world wide for its manifold uses.It is widely used to cure kidney disease, swelling, skin problems, heart burn, eye inflammation, bone fractures, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gastrointestinal complaints, warts, liver/gallbladder problems, hepatitis B, cancer, etc., and widely used in modern medicine. Usually, however, early leaves of the former are much less deeply lobed than those of the latter, which are more consistently lacerate throughout development, though broadly winged initially. along with discussion & documentation of Indian Flora. Plants have milky latex and the leaves are all basal; each flowering stem lacks bracts and has one single flower head. Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. ; Europe; also introduced in Mexico; introduced nearly worldwide. These European dandelions can be divided into two groups. Dandelion and burdock is a soft drink that has long been popular in the United Kingdom. [46], Dandelions are harvested from the wild or grown on a small scale as a leaf vegetable. It occurs in all 50 states of the US and most Canadian provinces. Index synonymique 1996: 413100 = Taraxacum officinale aggr. Dandelion salad is often accompanied with hard-boiled eggs. Another recipe using the plant is dandelion flower jam. The specific name officinalis refers to its value as a medicinal herb, and is derived from the word opificina, later officina, meaning a workshop or pharmacy. [51], Yellow dye colors can be obtained from the flowers but little color can be obtained from the roots of the plant. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 9, September-2013 1419 . Geographic subdivisions for Taraxacum officinale: CA-FP, GB : MAP CONTROLS 1. The Taraxacum flora of the British Isles. Common dandelion, Dandelion, Red seeded dandelion Taraxacum officinale, a dicot, is a perennial herb that is not ... Search efloras.org (Flora of North America) Photos on PlantID.net / Google Images. Index synonymique 1996: 413100 = Taraxacum officinale aggr. Efloraofindia is the largest Google e-group in the world in this field & largest nature related in India devoted to creating awareness, helping in identification etc. In Silesia and other parts of Poland and the world, dandelion flowers are used to make a honey substitute syrup with added lemon (so-called May-honey). [25], The second group consists of polyploid (mostly triploid) apomicts, meaning that both a viable embryo as well as a functional endosperm is formed without prior fertilization. The yellow flower heads lack receptacle bracts and all the flowers, which are called florets, are ligulate and bisexual. Serizawa S. 2007: Taraxacum maruyamanum (Asteraceae) is a distinct species. It may be found in combination with nervines and uterine tonics. Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Final . The chief constituents of Dandelion root are Taraxacin, acrystalline and Taraxacerin, an acrid resin, with Inulin (a sort of sugar which replaces starch in many of the Dandelion family, Compositae), gluten, gum … Brief Description Amanda Spooner, Wednesday 18 June 1997. Variation in cytology and gross morphology in Taraxacum. [5][6][7][8] The name "blowball" has also been used.[9]. It is estimated that more than 97,000,000 seeds/hectare could be produced yearly by a dense stand of dandelions. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 12:310-311. W3TROPICOS Ume Ummara, Tasveer Zahra Bokhari, Adeela Altaf, Uzma Younis, Altaf Ahmed Dasti . Taraxacum officinale is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.5 m (1ft 8in) by 0.3 m (1ft) at a fast rate. Wigg", "Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund — The Plant List", "Definition of "blowball" - Collins English Dictionary", "dandelion clock - Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online", "Clock dictionary definition - clock defined", "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers", "Taraxacum officinale in Flora of North America @", "Ecological and evolutionary opportunities of apomixis: insights from, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, "ITIS Standard Report Page: Taraxacum officinale", "PLANTS Profile for Taraxacum officinale ssp. SEARS, P. B. [44] The flowers are used to make dandelion wine,[45] the greens are used in salads, the roots have been used to make a coffee substitute (when baked and ground into powder) and the plant was used by Native Americans as a food and medicine. Dandelion flowers can be used to make dandelion wine, for which there are many recipes. Florets 40–100+; corollas yellow (orange-yellow), 15–22 × 1.7–2 mm (outer). palustre Blytt; T. sylvanicum R. Doll. officinale (Lyons) Douin, 1923 Taraxacum officinale Weber, 1780 23. You can change the display of the base map and layers by clicking on the layer control box in the upper right-hand corner. Phyllaries 13–18 in 2 series, lanceolate, 2–2.8 mm wide, margins scarious (proximal 2/3) to narrowly scarious, apices acuminate, erose-scarious, usually hornless (seldom appendaged), callous. Involucres green to dark green or brownish green, tips dark gray or purplish, campanulate, 14–25 mm. Grierson & Springate within 'Flora of Bhutan' Vol 2 Part 3 (2001) observed, "Taraxacum in our area consists of sexually producing and apomictic taxa. Assessment report on Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg., radix cum herba . The fruits, called cypselae,[12] range in color from olive-green or olive-brown to straw-colored to grayish, they are oblanceoloid in shape and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with slender beaks. The lanceolate shaped bractlets are in two series, with the apices acuminate in shape. It is in flower from April to May, and the seeds ripen from May to June. Landolt 1991: 2615 = Taraxacum officinale aggr. Tax. The leaves (called dandelion greens) can be eaten cooked or raw in various forms, such as in soup or salad. 2n = 24, 40, [16, 32]. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers", "Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)", "The Diuretic Effect in Human Subjects of an Extract of Taraxacum officinale Folium over a Single Day", "Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l", Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taraxacum_officinale&oldid=992995146, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 06:11. For example, Rothmaler's flora of Germany recognizes roughly 70 microspecies. Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion (often simply called " dandelion "), is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). Its blooms resemble some of the species of Sonchus, but are larger. The latter in particular are poorly understood at present. See also List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions. Corresponding Author. It is also the species most commonly used for medicinal and culinary purposes (e.g., E. Small and P. M. Catling 1999). [56], Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, Dandelion flower (left) and ripe fruits (right), 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen. The … Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale; Compositae-Lactuceae) is a group of highly invasive wild plants with worldwide distribution.Taraxacum species dominate in towns, along roadsides, shores of conduits and in many other rural sites. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), leaf or root, is the most common herb recommended for this purpose. Leontodon taraxacum Linnaeus, Sp. Taraxacum officinale is the most widespread dandelion in temperate North America, though its abundance decreases in the arid south. Taraxacum officinale has diuretic and laxative properties. 西洋蒲公英组 xi yang pu gong ying zu Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wiggers, s.l.. Plants medium-sized or robust. The common dandelion is well known for its yellow flower heads that turn into round balls of silver-tufted fruits that disperse in the wind. The typification by A. J. Richards (1985) would leave the common dandelion of both Europe and North America without a valid name (J. Kirschner and J. Štepánek 1987). "The Names of Plants". Stems 1–10+, erect or ascending, sometimes ± purplish (usually equaling or surpassing leaves), glabrous or sparsely villous, slightly more so distally. Taraxacum pannucium Taraxacum pannucium Dahlstedt, Bergens Mus. The published Flora of Pakistan is a comprehensive inventory of the plants of Pakistan, the first modern flora of more than 6,000 species from a large, relatively poorly known region of South Asia. It is a familiar weed of lawns and roadsides. Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F. H. Wiggers 1780; Leontodon taraxacum Linnaeus 1753. List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions, "Tropicos - Name - !Taraxacum officinale F.H. [29], Carl Linnaeus named the species Leontodon taraxacum in 1753. [24] It is considered a noxious weed in some jurisdictions,[33] and is considered to be a nuisance in residential and recreational lawns in North America. Zakir Hussain. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. In many lineages, fruits are mostly produced by apomixis,[10] notwithstanding the flowers are visited by many types of insects. [40], While not in bloom, this species is sometimes confused with others, such as Chondrilla juncea, that have similar basal rosettes of foliage. [41] Another plant, sometimes referred to as fall dandelion, is very similar to dandelion, but produces "yellow fields" later. [13], The taxonomy of the genus Taraxacum is complicated by apomictic and polyploid lineages,[14][15] and the taxonomy and nomenclatural situation of Taraxacum officinale is not yet fully resolved. [52], Taraxacum is derived from the Arabic word tarakhshagog (or tarakhshaqūn) for a bitter herb. Landolt 1977: 3272 = Taraxacum officinale aggr. For the time being, with the nomenclatural situation still not resolved, I am following traditional usage of the name Taraxacum officinale. In particular are poorly understood at present the descriptions given here can be! Produced by apomixis, [ 10 ] notwithstanding the flowers, which called... Used as a non-caffeinated coffee substitute and edema is understandable woman with hypertension edema... –60 ) cm ; taproots seldom branched nearly worldwide the plant is dandelion flower.! 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